The aim of this study is to apply dynamic exergy and energy analysis to the building envelope. An exergy analysis defines the quantity, location and causes of thermodynamic inefficiencies in the system, which cannot be identified only by energy analysis. The simulations were carried out for a two-room apartment of a residential building located in Kyiv, the thermal resistance of the fences meets the requirements of the construction of Ukraine in 2013. The considered apartment is equipped with an autonomous heating system based on a gas boiler. The boiler control system operates based on the readings of the temperature control sensors in the room, which are installed in 2 living rooms of the apartment, quality control is used. A dynamic grid model has been developed to carry out a simulation for a one-year period and to obtain the heating demands of the room. The peculiarity of the analysis is that it considers the dynamic energy and exergy model of the room of the apartment with a one-second time step, takes into account the accumulation of energy and exergy in external and internal enclosures, as well as heat fluxes between them and solar radiation also. In order to include this model in the complex system "heat source – human – building fence", the possibility of using different exergy reference points was evaluated. It is shown how the structure of the exergy balance of the room changes if the reference point is the temperature in the room, ambient temperature and 0°C. The dynamic change of exergy destruction in the room is shown when different reference points of exergy are chosen. The proposed analysis approach is to use different reference points for different applications of exergy analysis, where the oscillations of exergy will be smaller.